Remote access trojans (RATs) are a form of malware that provides unauthorized remote access and control of an infected computer or server. Once a hacker gains access, they can carry out various illegal activities without the owner's consent or knowledge. These activities include harvesting credentials, installing or removing software, stealing files, and hijacking webcams.
How does a remote access trojan work?
RAT malware functions similarly to non-malicious remote access tools, with the difference being their ability to stay hidden and carry out tasks without the user's consent or knowledge. To install a RAT on a device, a hacker must trick the owner into downloading and installing the software. Deceptive tactics such as email attachments or seemingly legitimate websites often achieve this. Once installed, the RAT disguises itself and remains undetectable, giving the hacker complete administrative control over the infected device or network.
Targets of remote access trojans
While anyone can be a target of a RAT, hackers tend to focus on organizations that offer financial, political, or informational gains. Financial institutions and corporations are commonly targeted for monetary reasons. Political motives drive hackers to access classified information, manipulate election results, or control national systems. Information theft is another common motive, as valuable data can be sold for identity theft, corporate espionage, or political manipulation.
How cyber criminals use RATs against enterprises
RAT attacks on organizations usually begin with other cyberattacks, such as phishing or social engineering campaigns. The hacker's goal is to trick the recipient into unwittingly installing the RAT software. This is often achieved through deceptive emails containing attachments or links. Once the RAT is installed, it disguises itself using legitimate remote access services, making detection challenging. The prolonged, undetected presence of a RAT can have catastrophic consequences for enterprises.
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Detecting a remote access trojan
Detecting a RAT infection can be challenging, even for trained professionals and anti-malware software. However, there are signs to look out for that may indicate a RAT infection. These include overall system lag, antivirus software failures, unrecognized files or programs, website redirects or unresponsiveness, and unexpected webcam activity. It's important to note that these symptoms are not exclusive, and only thorough scans can uncover a RAT infection.
Common types of remote access trojans
There are numerous types of RATs, each with its own characteristics and origins:
- Back Orifice, which targets Windows OS deficiencies
- Beast, which is widely used against various Windows systems
- Blackshades, a self-propagating RAT that spreads through social media
- CrossRAT, which targets Linux, macOS, Solaris, and Windows systems
- Mirage, an advanced persistent threat malware used for data exfiltration by state-sponsored hacking groups.
Related: Types of cyber threats
Protecting yourself from remote access trojans
Preventing RAT infections requires proactive measures and security strategies. Prioritizing user behavior monitoring using an intrusion detection system (IDS) can help identify suspicious activities. Keeping antivirus software up-to-date and training staff members to think before clicking on suspicious links or attachments is necessary. It's important to download software only from reliable sources and protect email applications with adequate filtering. Secure remote access using secure gateways and focusing on potential RAT attack vectors, such as malware and phishing, are also important steps. Implementing zero-trust security principles can further enhance protection against RATs.
See also: HIPAA Compliant Email: The Definitive Guide
Farah Amod
