What is a secure web gateway (SWG)?

A secure web gateway (SWG) is a cybersecurity solution that protects users and organizations from web-based threats while enforcing internet usage policies. It acts as a filter between users and the internet, monitoring, controlling, and securing web traffic in real time.

Functions of a SWG

A secure web gateway performs several functions that work together to protect organizations from web-based threats and ensure safe, compliant internet use. These functions enable businesses to maintain security, visibility, and control over user activity, whether employees are working on-site or remotely. The functions include: 

• Malware and threat protection: Blocks viruses, ransomware, and other malicious content from websites or downloads.
• URL and content filtering: Restricts access to unsafe or inappropriate websites based on policies.
• Data loss prevention (DLP): Prevents sensitive information from leaving the organization through the web.
• Application control: Monitors and manages access to web-based applications like cloud storage or social media.
• Encrypted traffic inspection: Scans HTTPS traffic to detect threats hidden in encrypted connections.
• Policy enforcement: Applies company rules to web usage, ensuring compliance and security.

Types of Secure Web Gateway (SWG) deployment

According to Microsoft, there are three deployment methods:

• On-premises SWG: Installed within the organization’s data center, offering direct control over traffic and policies. Ideal for strict data sovereignty, as all data stays in-house.
• Cloud-based SWG: Delivered as a cloud service, providing scalability and flexibility to secure distributed or remote workforces. Useful for hybrid work models and cloud integration.
• Hybrid SWG: Combines on-premises and cloud solutions, balancing control, scalability, and efficiency. Suitable for organizations transitioning to the cloud or supporting both in-office and remote users.

This allows organizations to choose a deployment that best fits their security, control, and scalability needs.

How a secure web gateway (SWG) works

According to Microsoft, a Secure Web Gateway (SWG) functions as an intermediary between an organization’s employees and the internet. It serves as a protective barrier that ensures safe, secure, and policy-compliant access to online resources. By monitoring and controlling all web traffic, an SWG helps organizations protect against cyber threats, enforce internal security policies, and maintain regulatory compliance.

Traffic interception and filtering

Microsoft explains that SWGs intercept all outbound web traffic and assess it against the organization’s defined security policies. This process allows them to block harmful content, malicious websites, or unauthorized access attempts, ensuring that only secure and approved data moves through the network.

Content inspection and threat detection

Advanced SWGs, as described by Microsoft, use technologies such as deep content inspection, malware scanning, and sandboxing to detect and neutralize hidden threats in web traffic. These tools analyze files, URLs, and scripts in real time to uncover malicious behavior. Suspicious content is isolated in a secure environment, preventing potential threats from infiltrating systems or compromising sensitive data.

Policy enforcement

Microsoft highlights that SWGs enforce corporate and regulatory policies by applying organization-defined rules and monitoring user activity. They can block restricted websites or prevent users from sharing sensitive information through unauthorized channels. This ensures that employees comply with acceptable use policies and that organizations maintain both security and compliance.

How a secure web gateway fits into a broader security strategy

A secure web gateway (SWG) is an essential part of an organization’s multilayered security approach, protecting users from malicious websites, unsafe downloads, and policy violations. However, web protection alone is not enough. Threat actors often exploit multiple communication channels, including email, to deliver malware or steal sensitive data.

Solutions like Paubox Email Suite can therefore be used to complement an SWG. While the SWG safeguards web traffic and ensures secure, policy-compliant browsing, Paubox provides HIPAA compliant email encryption and inbound threat protection without requiring users to manage portals or extra logins. Together, these solutions help healthcare organizations and other regulated industries maintain seamless data protection, from web browsing to email communication.

See also: HIPAA Compliant Email: The Definitive Guide (2025 Update)

FAQS

What threats can an SWG protect against?

SWGs block malware, ransomware, phishing websites, unsafe downloads, and unauthorized data exfiltration.

Are SWGs compliant with regulatory standards?

Yes. SWGs can help organizations meet regulatory requirements such as HIPAA, GDPR, and PCI DSS by preventing unauthorized access and data leaks.